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Volume 1, Issue 1, IECE Journal of Image Analysis and Processing
Volume 1, Issue 1, 2025
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Rabbia Mahum
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University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan
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IECE Journal of Image Analysis and Processing, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2025: 27-35

Open Access | Research Article | 14 March 2025
High-Quality Multi-Focus Image Fusion: A Comparative Analysis of DCT-Based Approaches with Their Variants
1 Department of Computer Science, IQRA National University, Swat 19200, Pakistan
2 Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
* Corresponding Author: Sarwar Shah Khan, [email protected]
Received: 21 November 2024, Accepted: 24 December 2024, Published: 14 March 2025  
Abstract
Image fusion, especially in the context of multi-focus image fusion, plays a crucial role in digital image processing by enhancing the clarity and detail of visual content through the combination of multiple source images. Traditional spatial domain methods often suffer from issues like spectral distortion and low contrast, which has led researchers to explore techniques in the frequency domain, such as the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). DCT-based methods are particularly valued for their computational efficiency, making them a strong alternative, especially in applications like image compression and fusion. This study focuses on DCT-based approaches, including variants that incorporate Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and a combination of Correlation Coefficient with Energy-Correlation (Corr_Eng), both with and without Consistency Verification (CV). Extensive testing on multi-focus image datasets revealed that the DCT + SVD + CV method consistently shows better results in both qualitative and quantitative assessments. This indicates that integrating DCT+SVD+CV provides a powerful approach for achieving effective and efficient image fusion.

Graphical Abstract
High-Quality Multi-Focus Image Fusion: A Comparative Analysis of DCT-Based Approaches with Their Variants

Keywords
multi-focused
image fusion
discrete cosine transform
spatial domain and frequency domain approaches

Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.

Funding
This work was supported without any funding.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.

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Cite This Article
APA Style
Osama, M., Khan, S.S., Khan, S., Ahmad, S., Mehmood, G., & Ali, I. (2025). High-Quality Multi-Focus Image Fusion: A Comparative Analysis of DCT-Based Approaches with Their Variants. IECE Journal of Image Analysis and Processing, 1(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.62762/JIAP.2024.764051

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