Forecasting Earthquake-induced Ground Movement under Seismic Activity Using Response Surface

Kennedy C. Onyelowe; Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni; Fortune K. C. Onyelowe; Viroon Kamchoom; Shadi Hanandeh; Ahmed M. Ebid; Nestor Ulloa; Arif Ali Baig Moghal; M. Vishnupriyan

doi:10.62762/SII.2025.846883

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Volume 1, Issue 1, Sustainable Intelligent Infrastructure

Volume 1, Issue 1, 2025

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Sustainable Intelligent Infrastructure, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2025: 4-18

Open Access | Research Article | 24 March 2025

Forecasting Earthquake-induced Ground Movement under Seismic Activity Using Response Surface

Kennedy C. Onyelowe 1,2,3 *

Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni 3,4

Fortune K. C. Onyelowe 5

Viroon Kamchoom 6 *

Shadi Hanandeh 7

Ahmed M. Ebid 8

Nestor Ulloa 9

Arif Ali Baig Moghal 10

M. Vishnupriyan 11

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State 440109, Nigeria

2 Department of Civil, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda

3 Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, GR-26334 Patras, Greece

4 School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, GR-26335 Patras, Greece

5 Department of Computer Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria

6 Excellent Center for Green and Sustainable Infrastructure, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok 10520, Thailand

7 Civil Engineering Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan

8 Department of Civil Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt

9 Facultad de Mecánica, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Panamericana Sur Km 1 1/2, Riobamba 060155, Ecuador

10 Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal 506004, India

11 Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, SR University, Telangana 506371, India

* Corresponding Authors: Kennedy C. Onyelowe, [email protected] ; Viroon Kamchoom, [email protected]

DOI: 10.62762/SII.2025.846883

Received: 26 January 2025, Accepted: 03 March 2025, Published: 24 March 2025

Cited by: 1 (Source: Web of Science) , 1 (Source: Google Scholar)

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Abstract

This study employs Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to model and optimize earthquake-induced ground movements in gravelly geohazard-prone environments. RSM efficiently evaluates the interactions of seismic parameters, including soil type, fault distance, and peak ground acceleration (PGA), reducing computational and experimental efforts. A dataset of 234 entries encompassing 11 seismic and soil stress variables was curated and analyzed, yielding a high-precision predictive model with an R² of 0.9997. The resulting closed-form equation facilitates accurate risk assessment, structural safety optimization, and seismic resilience planning. By identifying critical thresholds and nonlinear relationships, RSM supports cost-effective mitigation strategies, infrastructure design, and retrofitting in earthquake-prone regions.

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Keywords

earthquake

ground movement

geohazard

seismic activity

response surface methodology (RSM)

liquefaction potential

Data Availability Statement

Data will be made available on request.

Funding

This work was supported without any funding.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

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Onyelowe, K. C., Kontoni, D. N., Onyelowe, F. K. C., Kamchoom, V., Hanandeh, S., Ebid, A. M., Ulloa, N., Moghal, A. A. B., & Vishnupriyan, M. (2025). Forecasting Earthquake-induced Ground Movement under Seismic Activity Using Response Surface. Sustainable Intelligent Infrastructure, 1(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.62762/SII.2025.846883

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